Depending on your ethnic background you are at risk of different diseases and illnesses.  Men from groups at risk should be aware of the symptoms, how to further reduce the risks and how to go about getting testing and treatment. In 1999 Health Survey for England, found that compared with the general population there were:

• Higher rates of angina and heart attacks reported by Indian (50%), Bangladeshi and Irish men.
• Higher rates of stroke by Black Caribbean (50%), Bangladeshi and Indian men
• Higher rates of diabetes in men from all ethnic minority groups.
• Increased obesity in Irish men, whilst men from South Asia and China were less likely to be obese.
• Nearly twice as many Bangladeshi men were likely to smoke.
• Less alcohol consumed by men all minority ethnic groups except the Irish
• And as we mentioned yesterday African Caribbean men are 3 times more likely to develop prostate cancer than white men.  

Black and ethnic minority men are also less likely to seek help for mental health problems from services. Yet the department of health’s  2002 statistics on ethnic minority psychiatric illness rates in the community found that all ethnic minority groups had higher than average incidences of psychiatric illness amongst men.  Studies show 7 times higher rates of new diagnosis of psychosis among Black Caribbean people than among the White British. Incidences in Pakistani and Irish men aged 35-54 was 21% compared to 10% of Whites and 20% of 55-74 year old Bangladeshi men suffered from psychiatric illness compared to 11% of White British men.

For these men from minority groups it’s not just getting them to access the health services that is the difficult issue. Treatment of diseases such as leukaemia with a stem cell or bone marrow transplant is more difficult in patients from ethnic backgrounds. Of the 120,000 patients around the world who need a bone marrow transplant, 2 out of 3 Caucasian patients will find a donor yet it can be as low as 1 in 4 non Caucasians, due to the lack of ethnic and mixed raced donors on the register.

It’s not only ethnic minority groups who are reluctant to access traditional health services. Gay and bisexual men are hesitant to use traditional primary care services because of experiences of homophobia. These groups of men however, experience many factors that affect their emotional wellbeing   through coming out, accepting their sexuality and being open and honest with other people. They also need to feel comfortable approaching services if they suffer from physical abuse or harassment. Without support these issues can lead to depression, anger, mental distress and even self harm.

Gay and bisexual men also have to be aware of their sexual health. In major UK cities 1 in 10 men are living with HIV. However, you don’t need to only go to your GP to access sexual health services and screenings. Most cities have clinics for gay and bisexual men with the opportunity to get full sexual health check-ups.

Whatever your ethnic background, if you are interested in becoming a donor and joining the bone marrow register visit http://www.anthonynolan.org.uk

For information on mental health visit http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk

Advice for gay or bisexual men on all matters including mental and sexual health can be found at the lesbian and gay foundation website http://www.lgf.org.uk

One man dies from prostate cancer every hour in the UK (10,000 each year). Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK, with 35,000 men diagnosed with it every year in the UK although over 70% of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients survive over 5 years.

What is prostate cancer?

In men the prostate gland lies underneath the bladder and its main job is to make most of the fluid that carries sperm. Prostate cancer can develop when cells in the prostate gland start to grow in an uncontrolled way. In most men prostate cancer grows slowly and may not cause any problems. But some prostate cancers grow quickly and need early treatment to stop or delay them from growing

What are the risk factors?

• Age: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer are over 50, although more than 8 out of 10 cancer cases (85%) are diagnosed in men over the age of 60.
• Ethnicity: African Caribbean men are 3 times more likely to develop prostate cancer than white men.
• Family: 2 ½ times more likely to develop prostate cancer if your father or brother has had it.
• Diet: No one knows how to prevent prostate cancer but diet and a healthy active lifestyle may be important in protecting against the disease. A diet high in animal fat will increase your risk so you should eat more fruit and vegetables and maintain a healthy weight

What are the symptoms?

Some men with prostate cancer may have no symptoms at all although some symptoms may include:

• Weak or reduced urine flow
• Needing to urinate more often, especially at night
• A feeling your bladder has not emptied properly
• Difficulty starting to pass urine
• Needing to rush to the toilet
• New pain in the lower back, hips or pelvis
• Problems getting or keeping an erection
• Less commonly may experience pain when passing urine, ejaculating or in the testicles, or have blood in the urine or semen (but this is rare)

You don’t need to have all these symptoms to have prostate cancer nor does having some of these symptoms mean that you have it. Other prostate problems such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis, which is caused by an infection of the gland have similar symptoms and the only way to know for sure to is go to your GP to get checked out.

What are the tests for prostate problems?

There are a few tests the doctor may carry out to find out if you have a prostate problem.

• A urine ‘dipstick’ test to check for infection
• A blood test called a prostate specific antigen test, to test for a protein produced by the prostate gland
• A physical examination
• Test to measure speed of urine flow
• Ultrasound scan to test whether your bladder is emptying properly

Your GP may do all or some of these tests or send you to see a urologist at the hospital who specialises in urinary problems

More information you can contact your doctor or the Prostate Cancer Charity either online www.prostate-cancer.org.uk or you can call their free and confidential helpline on 0800 074 8383.

• To improve men’s awareness of the range of health and related services and how to use them effectively.
• To improve the understanding of health policymakers and practitioners about how to develop and deliver services that men will use.

According to men’s health statistics provided by the Men’s Health Forum, two in five men (39%) drink too much, more than one in four (28%) smoke and one in three younger men (35%) use illegal drugs. Along with their poor diet, driving dangerously and having unsafe sex men are continuously putting their health at risk.

But one of the key aims of the NMHW this year is to turn around one of the biggest risks to men’s health, their reluctance to seek help from professional services. The Men’s Health Forum surveyed 830 men and found that 66% go to the internet as their first source for health information and only 15% turn to the doctor. Many men are putting their health and well being at considerable risk through assessing unreliable information.

Dr Ian Banks, president of the MHF comments, “We know that many men are embarrassed about talking about their health and uncomfortable using care and advice from traditional services. But the internet is littered with websites that take advantage of this fact and capitalise on men’s need for information and treatments, promising miracle cures and delivering products or information that could seriously risk the man’s health.  When they go online, men should stick to reliable health sites such as www.malehealth.co.uk and www.nhs.uk.”

But the problem of men’s reluctance to visit their GP or pharmacist isn’t just blamed on men. Often services and health improvement programmes like weight loss clinics are not delivered in ways that take account of men’s particular needs. To address the second objective of NMHW,  the week kicks off today (15^th) with an event experts from across the healthcare system will debate the reasons why men’s health is suffering in England and Wales and establish what needs to be done to address the problem.

Many events are being held around the country this week from information fairs held in shopping centers, Mini health MOT’s and advice drop in sessions, along with entertainment such as football tournaments, badminton league, dinghy taster sessions and fly fishing. To look for events in your area and for further information about Men’s Health Forum and National Men’s Health Week, visit www.menshealthforum.org.uk.

Because of National Men’s Health Week, Strenua’s World will be running a special series of articles all week covering issues on Men’s Health so check back tomorrow.